Clima organizacional en una dirección de administración de salud municipal / Organizational climate in a municipal health administration office

JUSTIFICACIÓN: Debido al impacto del clima organizacional en el desempeño de las organizaciones, es vital su estudio en aquellas encargadas de la salud de la población. OBJETIVO: Explorar las percepciones que poseen los trabajadores de la Dirección de Administración de Salud (DAS) de Concepción. MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. El universo fue la totalidad de los trabajadores que se encontraban vinculados a la Administración Central de la DAS de Concepción durante el período comprendido entre el 9 y el 13 de julio del año 2012. Se incluyeron en la muestra todos los trabajadores con contrato indefinido que poseían más de dos años de antigüedad (n=34). Se excluyeron los funcionarios con contrato a plazo fijo (n=6). Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un instrumento adaptado del Organizational Climate Questionarie de Litwin y Stringer. Para el análisis se utilizó el software estadístico InfoStat, versión 2014. RESULTADOS: De los encuestados, un 57,6% (n=19) eran mujeres y un 48,9% (n=16) pertenecía al área de Administración y Finanzas. El promedio general más bajo fue asignado a la dimensión de recompensa (2,21 ± 0,52) y el más alto a la dimensión normas (2,90 ± 0,44). Al estratificar por sexo no se observaron diferencias significativas. CONCLUSIONES: En la organización estudiada se encontró un buen clima organizacional. Existieron similitudes en la valoración del clima entre hombres y mujeres, coincidiendo ambos que el ámbito más débil era el de recompensa.

JUSTIFICATION: Due to impact of the organizational climate in the organizations performances, is vital to study those in charge of population health. OBJECTIVE: To explore workers perceptions from Health Administration Office (DAS) of Concepción. METHOD: Quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. The universe was all the workers who were linked to the central administration of the DAS in Concepcion during the period from 9 to 13 July 2012. All permanent contracted employees with more than two years of service (n = 34) were included in the sample. Staff with fixed-term contract (n = 6) were excluded. Data were collected using an instrument adapted from the Organizational Climate Questionnaire of Litwin and Stringer. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 57.6% (n=19) were women and 48.9% (n=16) belonged to the Financial Area: For analysis InfoStat statistical software, version 2014 was used. The lowest overall average was assigned to the dimension of reward (2.21 ± 0.52) and the highest to the dimension of Rules (2.90 ± 0.44). When stratified by sex, no significant differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In the studied organization, a good organizational climate was found. There were similarities in the assessment of climate between men and women, both agreeing that the weakest area was Reward.

Clenching and grinding: effect on masseter and sternocleidomastoid electromyographic activity in healthy subjects.

This study compares the effect of clenching and grinding on masseter and sternocleidomastoid electromyographic (EMG) activity during different jaw posture tasks in the sagittal plane. The study included 34 healthy subjects with natural dentition, Class I bilateral molar Angle relationship, and absence of posterior occlusal contacts during mandibular protrusion. An inclusion criterion was that subjects had to be free of signs and symptoms of any dysfunction of the masticatory system. Bipolar surface electrodes were located on the right masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles. EMG activity was recorded while the subjects were in standing position, during the following jaw posture tasks: A. maximal clenching in the intercuspal position; B. grinding from intercuspal position to edge-to-edge protrusive contact position; C. maximal clenching in the edge-to-edge protrusive contact position; D. grinding from edge-to-edge protrusive contact position to intercuspal position; E. grinding from retrusive contact position to intercuspal position. EMG activities in tasks B, C, D, and E were significantly lower than in task A in both muscles (mixed model with unstructured covariance matrix). EMG activity among tasks B, C, D, and E did not show significant differences in both muscles, except between tasks D and E in the masseter muscle. A higher effect was observed on the masseter than on the sternocleidomastoid muscle to avoid excessive muscular activity during clenching and grinding. The EMG patterns observed could be of clinical importance in the presence of parafunctional habits, i.e., clenching and/or grinding.